آسیب شناسی اثربخشی کیفیت فرایند تدریس و یادگیری در آموزش عالی

Abstract
Higher education has been established with the idea that while establishing constructive communication, the field of using scientific and technical and educational experiences and information, spreading specialized information, using educational tools, using the tools and facilities properly, using the principles and methods. The correct methods of evaluation, strengthening the research-oriented spirit, researching and investigating educational problems, and finally using information and creating healthy competition in order to improve the quality of higher education, can lead to the improvement of educational quality, the gradual evolution of educational goals, and the determination of transformation strategies. To change skills, planning to organize experiences, strengthen and integrate scientific fields, organize activities and various elements of the educational system, create coherence between goals and elements of programs, teaching and evaluation methods, Paying attention to the methodology and knowledge of science, problem solving and searching for new methods to solve educational problems, promotion of management based on research and research, application of research results, gradual decentralization of programs development of the field of supervision. control and evaluation in terms of program, process and feedback of activities. With a cursory look at the proposed approaches, one can realize the role and position that is defined and predicted for this collection and understand the importance of their existence. Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of identifying the damage of teaching-learning processes in universities. For this purpose, a systematic review has been done to identify the harms and analyze the teaching and learning process in universities and provide solutions. By searching in the internal databases, including Civilica, SID, Ensani Portal, IranDoc Noormags, between the years 1395 and 1401, The study used a documentary method with a systematic review to identify the deficiencies in the teaching-learning process at the university. Accordingly, databases with the details mentioned in Chapter Three were searched. As a result, 550 articles were found for initial screening. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to select articles for the study. Among the retrieved articles, 36 met the inclusion criteria and entered the final stage, while the remaining articles were excluded from the study due to redundancy and titles not related to the research objectives.6 articles were selected for study and analysis. Finally, five factors include: cognitive-behavioral characteristics of professors, preparation and empowerment of students, effectiveness of teaching including:(quality of teaching design, quality of teaching implementation), educational environment and technology and research from They are the main topics that cause harm in universities. The findings can be used to create efficient and dynamic learning-teaching situations, improve the quality of educational and teaching services, reform or change and innovate in the higher education system, make universities more agile, develop interactions and participation of universities at the level nationally used Also, the findings of the research showed that effective and strategic teaching, the quality of design and implementation of teaching is realized when the professors can respond to the conditions and cover the needs with creative methods.In other words, the professors can change, grow and develop in the direction of excellence. Therefore, quality teaching is a contributing factor in realizing the mission of higher education. The realization of such importance requires attention to the needs and policies of the future. Universities that use multiple teaching effectiveness evaluation tools should provide clear guidelines for teaching quality control. An evaluation of teaching effectiveness must be based on accurate results. This issue should be considered that teaching work is basically a type of human interaction and is inextricably linked with students' understanding of professors' personality. Effective teaching as a main and strategic component in higher education curricula is not an exception to this, because the achievement of such an important action is the comprehensive effective performance inside and outside the higher education system in accordance with the set goals. The results showed that the mentioned framework covers the professors with a creative method according to the conditions, goals and desirability. According to the data obtained from this research, it is necessary that the officials and practitioners of the universities should prioritize the basic measures with more detailed planning and extra effort, in order to increase the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process as much as possible.
The quality of higher education shows a dynamic nature with many dimensions, which are constantly fluctuating, in this regard, the serious determination and responsibility of all those involved in high policy-making levels due to their influential role and also the efforts of others Executives at lower levels also demand improvement and improvement in the existing situation, the results obtained as well as the studies and reviews that were conducted during this research prove that the current process of higher education development is mainly based on field creativity and short-term goals has been followed with an often introspective horizon and with the slogan of meeting internal needs, which, considering the problems and obstacles,cannot provide a clear vision of what can be achieved. He promised In this regard, one of the most important elements of the higher education system and universities are the professors who have a decisive and undeniable role in the fulfillment of these goals and missions of higher education in terms of quality and quantity, so examining their performance and interaction with students in Different dimensions, especially in the field of teaching and the effect they can have on the development of students' competence and motivation, are very necessary. In conclusion, the findings of this report show that learning from global experiences is a necessity and it indicates that higher education policymakers should understand the importance of the university due to its institutional nature and necessity.Maintaining independence to uphold academic values is a self-regulating institution and cannot be regulated from outside. Any policy to improve the performance and processes of the university should be based on the internal needs of the university and not external pressure.The policy-making body of higher education, to recognize the academic independence, should organize missish and prevent the expansion of high education without quality, which is supposed to be only an economic enterprise and does not pay attention to the work of its basic specialties, the need for an evaluation system and it has a very strong accreditation.