واکاوی لایه‌های اثربخشی از دیدگاه اعضای هیئت علمی

The purpose of this study was to analyze the layers of effectiveness of faculty members. The layers of effectiveness in this study are the attitude, value, knowledge, character, and action of faculty members in their professional affairs and in relation to students.
To answer the research question of what are the layers of effectiveness (attitude, value, knowledge, character, and action) of effective faculty members? A qualitative method and content analysis strategy were chosen. To collect data, 17 faculty members who were introduced as effective professors by their colleagues and students were interviewed as participants in semi-structured in-depth interviews until saturation. Then, the data from the interviews conducted with Atlas Ti software were coded and categorized and analyzed at the levels of concepts, subcategories, and categories.
The findings of the study show that :
a) In this study, attitude was categorized into 4 subcategories: attitude towards students, attitude towards society, attitude towards self, and commitment to ethics. Based on the findings, an effective professor is someone who respects and values ​​students, feels valuable in them, and pays attention to their concerns and needs while paying attention to the differences of students. Because he has a paternal and maternal view of his students, he feels sympathy and provides guidance and assistance when facing their problems. Such an effective professor also considers himself responsible for society and always prefers collective needs over his own individual needs and seeks to help not only his colleagues but also the society. He provides guidance and advice to officials and decision-makers in his field of expertise, in order to influence society and reduce some of its problems with a scientific method. He is also responsible for himself and considers himself obligated to continuously update his knowledge and make this knowledge available to others. In addition to teaching the course material, he reminds students of educational and ethical points in an eloquent and pleasant language. An effective professor is sensitive to issues, and sensitivity has a wide range that includes issues surrounding society, sometimes the region, the international sphere, local issues, environmental issues, and even individual changes in students. An effective professor has a moral commitment and considers himself responsible for the well-being and perfection of the student and considers himself accountable for this sense of responsibility.
B) The category of values; In this research, values ​​have 2 subcategories: belief values ​​and professional values, and the most attention of the participants in the field of values ​​was paid to the belief values ​​of the professors. Based on the findings, an effective teacher, in addition to being in control of his own desires, has a coherent intellectual framework and adheres to professional principles, and in this regard, is always careful about his actions and words. He is also committed to God, those around him, his environment, and his community, and values ​​humans and the environment.
c) The category of knowledge; In this study, knowledge was classified into 3 subcategories: specialized knowledge, professional ethics knowledge, and educational sciences knowledge. The participants paid the most attention to the subcategory of specialized knowledge in this category. Based on the findings, an effective teacher in educating students is someone who has complete mastery of his specialized and educational field (in terms of knowledge and recognition of institutions, experts, and leading theories) and is not unaware of other knowledge. Also, knowledge and science are institutionalized in the teacher and can apply it in life and solving problems. In order to better provide knowledge to students and train them, he also has knowledge of educational sciences and, in order to be aware of professional ethics, he considers it in his teaching.
d) Character category; In this study, character was classified into 3 subcategories: behavioral characteristics, psychological characteristics, and ethical characteristics. In this category, the participants paid most attention to the behavioral characteristics subcategory. Based on the findings, it is appropriate that an effective professor should have characteristics such as being trustworthy, having a plan, creative, patient, organized, fair, moderate, conscientious, responsible, open to criticism, and positive thinking so that he can be a good role model for students and that students should accept such a person. This professor should also have high self-awareness and self-knowledge and behave honestly towards others, and his actions should be consistent with his words. An effective professor, in addition to being interested in learning and developing himself, is also interested in teaching and research and is eager to be in contact with students. Belief in the trustworthiness of knowledge in the eyes of the teacher and acceptance of scientific authority, if accompanied by belief in God and reliance on supernatural power, the effect of the unseen on piety gives the teacher a different boldness in carrying out professional responsibility that not only frees him from merely paying attention to professional issues and career expediency, but also directs his horizon to a transcendental future based on transcendental needs and expands the scope of happiness. This scope, with regard to the recognition of blessings and gratitude based on the creation of one's own responsibility, encompasses creation, the Creator, and nature, and considers not only materiality and physicality but also the spirit and meaning. He is a logical and humane analyst who is open to criticism and opens the way for criticism of others. Therefore, he overcomes narcissism and pride and avoids prejudice.
e) Action category; In this study, action was classified into 5 subcategories: communication skills, student development skills, cognitive skills, teaching skills, and verbal skills. Based on the findings, an effective professor should also have effective communication skills. This communication can be with himself, with the creator, and with the creator. He should be able to have continuous and friendly communication with the student in such a way that the student can easily share his problems with his professor. In addition to communicating with the student, he should also be in contact with the university and the community. He should devote a large part of his time to the student and not hesitate to provide guidance and advice to the student. He should strengthen self-confidence, self-belief, and patriotic spirit in the student. He should provide conditions for the student to become familiar with social issues and help the student in solving these issues. He should transfer all experiences that can be useful for the student to him at appropriate times. In addition to communication, he must also possess a series of skills such as reasoning skills, conflict management, teaching, and rhetorical techniques in order to best carry out his teaching process and educate students.