اثربخشی برنامه آموزشی مبتنی بر مدل علی انگیزش تحصیلی بر اساس حمایت ادراک‌شده معلم و خوش‌بینی تحصیلی با نقش واسطه‌ای خودکارامدی تحصیلی بر درگیری تحصیلی دانش‌آموزان عادی

The purpose of this research is to find the relationship between self-efficacy and academic achievement motivation, which means that self-efficacy is the belief that I can and refers to a person's beliefs about the ability to do a task, and its application is when a person thinks about his abilities. He judges along with success. Self-efficacy as a motivational factor leads to an increase in academic performance and satisfaction. Therefore, the identification and application of factors affecting self-efficacy can have a significant impact on academic success and the realization of educational goals. Self-efficacy as a motivational factor leads to an increase in academic performance and satisfaction. Therefore, the identification and application of factors affecting self-efficacy can have a significant impact on academic success and the realization of educational goals. The method of this research is qualitative research. The extracted data and specialized titles have been collected using reliable library and field sources. The main question is whether there is a relationship between self-efficacy and academic achievement. Self-efficacy is formed through innumerable internalizations and externalizations, and self-efficacy through internal motivation causes a person to work spontaneously in the environment and achieve self-efficacy beliefs with the results of research conducted. In this context, it appears that self-efficacy plays an important role in learning and increases motivation and academic progress.Academic progress is one of the most important concepts of educational psychology, which has received extensive theoretical and experimental research and studies. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between self-efficacy and learning and academic progress. The main question is whether there is a relationship between self-efficacy and academic achievement? Self-efficacy is formed during innumerable internalizations and externalizations, which self-efficacy through internal motivation causes a person to work spontaneously in the environment and achieve self-efficacy beliefs.Self-efficacy is the belief that a person has in his abilities to organize and implement the necessary actions in the upcoming situations. In other words, self-efficacy is a person's belief in his abilities to succeed in a given situation. Bandura considered such faith to be the determining factor in people's way of thinking, behavior and emotions when he published his article titled "Automatic Approach to an Integrative Theory of Behavioral Change" in 1997. This issue has become one of the most famous topics in psychology and research. Much has been made about it. But why is self-efficacy so important among psychologists and educators? Because as Bandura and other researchers have shown, self-efficacy affects everything from psychological states to behavior that leads to motivation and motivation.feeling of low self-efficacy; It causes people to avoid any work that they believe is beyond their abilities, and symptoms such as anxiety, discomfort, depression and psychosomatic symptoms are identified (Bandura, 1993). According to the above, it can be said that a high sense of self-efficacy plays an important role in academic progress. Almost all people can achieve the goals they want, change the things they want to change, and achieve the things they like. However, most people also know that implementing these plans and plans is not so simple. Bandura and others have discovered that self-efficacy can play an important role in how a person approaches goals, challenges, and tasks.

People with high self-efficacy:

• They see challenging problems and issues as an exercise to acquire skills.

• They become more interested in the activities they participate in.

• They feel commitment and duty towards their interests and activities.

• Obstacles and failures do not discourage them and they leave them behind very soon.

People with poor self-efficacy:

• They avoid challenging tasks.

• They believe that difficult tasks and situations are beyond their capabilities.

• They focus on failures and negative outcomes.

• They quickly lose their confidence in their abilities and capabilities.

The question may arise for you, how does self-efficacy come about? In fact, these beliefs are formed from early childhood and when the child is dealing with a series of experiences, tasks and various situations. However, the growth of self-efficacy does not stop in youth, but continues throughout life with the acquisition of new skills, experiences and various perceptions. According to Bandura's theory, self-efficacy comes from four main sources:

1. Successful experiences

"The most effective way to develop a strong sense of efficacy is through successful experiences," says Bandura. Being able to do something successfully boosts our sense of self-efficacy. Of course, failure to complete a task or a challenge can reduce and weaken our sense of self-efficacy in the same proportion.

2. Social modeling

Another important source of self-efficacy is watching other people succeed in accomplishing a task. Bandura says, "When people see people like themselves succeeding with relentless effort, they believe they have the ability to succeed at similar things."

3. social persuasion



Bandura also states that it is possible to convince people that they have the skills and abilities necessary to achieve success. Remember a situation when someone said a positive and encouraging word to you and that word helped you to reach your goal. Hearing encouragement and encouragement from others will help you to let go of your self-doubt and instead, focus all your efforts on the task at hand.

4. Psychological reactions

Our responses and emotional reactions to various situations also play a prominent role in self-efficacy. Mental state, emotional state, physical reactions, and stress level can all influence how a person feels about their capabilities in a particular situation. For example, severe stress and anxiety before speaking in public can lead to a weak sense of self-efficacy in a person in similar situations.

Of course, Bandura also states that "it is not only the intensity of the emotional and physical reaction that is important, but how these reactions are considered and interpreted by others is also important." Learning ways to minimize anxiety and boost morale when faced with a problem can help people increase their level of self-efficacy.

Dimensions of self-efficacy:

Self-efficacy has three dimensions: value, strength and generality.

1) the amount of self-efficacy; The amount of problems that a person can deal with.

2) the power of self-efficacy; That is, the difference between the view that I might be able to do a task, even though I already can. 3- The generality of self-efficacy; It refers to a person's belief in himself to give the most appropriate answer in different conditions and situations. (Ahani, 1388).



The formation of self-efficacy: in every stage of life, it is obtained as a result of successful or unsuccessful experiences and the repetition of those experiences. childhood, the judgments and evaluations of parents and family members have an effect on the formation of self-efficacy.