بررسی تاثیر آموزش ریاضیات با رویکرد تدریس مبتنی بر متغیرهای شادکامی و اضطراب در بین دانش آموزان مقطع ابتدایی

The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between elementary students enjoyment and interest and their lack of boredom in mathematics and teachers' understanding of new teaching methods based on play and fourth grade elementary mathematics.One of the most important issues that turns a math classroom into a dry, soulless and boring classroom is the lack of joy and happiness in it. In the dry atmosphere of the math classroom, without pleasure and happiness, students will not show interest in learning concepts and we will witness their truancy and academic failure. In such a situation, we see that most of the students hate mathematics and do not show any desire to learn, and as a result, mathematics class seems very boring to them, and this is while it They enter the school and classroom with enthusiasm, but after a while this enthusiasm becomes routine. A student who was a questioner in the beginning becomes a passive and receptive student and all this is due to the lack of joy and excitement in the classroom. Today, mathematics has a special place in educational planning and plays an important role in measuring the level of progress, especially for determining the level of entry into the special programs of university entrance exams. Also, mathematics is considered as an important qualification for students who seek to obtain scientific and technical jobs at the university level. Every student in school may feel bored and anxious at times, but sometimes this problem is so much that it affects academic performance, especially it prevents students from succeeding in exams.In general, researches in recent years have shown that unreasonable math anxiety (morbid anxiety) by creating serious cognitive and educational obstacles in learners, while causing them to suffer from intellectual stagnation and lack of reasoning abilities, causes a weakening of self-confidence. It provides math in them and by creating a negative attitude, it strongly affects the performance of students' math progress.The factors of the educational environment, such as the teaching method and classroom management adopted by the teacher, play a big role in the formation of math anxiety and the negative attitude and burnout of students towards math. Therefore, teachers should pay attention to choosing appropriate and new educational methods, especially game-based and mathematical methods, and encourage active learning and participation of all learners in the classroom. In fact, the goal of teachers should be that in the classroom, the learning process is more important than its result. In other words, the new approaches based on games and mathematics, which emphasize more on communication, problem solving, improvement of interpersonal relationship and the spirit of cooperation, are effective in creating a positive view of mathematics and the academic progress of students, and due to the game mode, it leads to Students' enjoyment and learning become better and deeper.By using happy methods and creating pleasure in the course of education and educational planning of learners, in addition to creating a satisfactory environment for students, it is possible to deal with many other problems such as excessive absences of students. , tardiness, boredom and boredom in the classroom, physical and mental diseases and finally tackled the issue of academic failure and an environment that has more effective learning facilities should be considered for students. Therefore, it seems necessary to pay attention to the effect of enjoyable methods in the educational planning of different academic courses.Research methodology was the current research is of a semi-experimental type and in it a pre-test-post-test design and follow-up with a control group was used. The statistical population in this research included all 368 fourth grade male students in Ardabil city in the academic year of 1400-1401.Considering that the current research design was semi-experimental and the sample size in semi-experimental designs is recommended to be at least 30 people in each experimental and control group (Delavar, 2012), therefore the current sample size is equal to that in each group. 22 people were selected. Which is equal to 44 people in both groups. The sampling method in this research was random and staged. In this way, one school was randomly selected from among the first secondary schools of Ardabil city, and one class was randomly selected as the experimental group and another class was randomly selected as the control group from among the fourth grade classes of this school. became In the same and simultaneous conditions, the pre-test related to the Shokarani Math Anxiety Questionnaire (2008) and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (1989) were administered to both groups. After that, the students of the experimental group were taught mathematics based on games and content creation in math class (Mohammadpour and Rabbani, 2014) by means of selected games, which were conducted in 6 sessions of 60 minutes (one session of 60 minutes each week) minutes) took place. After that, the students of both groups were given a post-test, and one month after the post-test, in order to ensure the stability of the findings, the post-test was re-tested and the data were collected using the software SPSS was analyzed. In the present study, math education through games were considered as independent variables, and math anxiety and happiness were considered as dependent variables. The subjects in the test and control groups were evaluated in two stages as follows: A- Conducting a pre-test before applying math education in a game way. B- Conducting a post-test after applying math education in a game way. In this research, according to the research concepts and variables, the data collection tool was Shokarani Math Anxiety Questionnaire and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire.The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. Findings showed that teaching with play method has an effect on mathematical anxiety (F: 38,23, P: 0.001), pleasure and happiness (F: 54,80 P: 0.002). By examining research hypotheses and methods of multivariate covariance analysis and one-way covariance analysis, inferential statistics were used to compare these averages and the results are presented below. The use of parametric tests requires the observance of several basic assumptions, which can be used by observing the assumptions and confirming them. Given that the methods used in this study, multivariate covariance analysis and the covariance analysis is one-way. These presuppositions include the placement of the dependent variable at least at the distance/relative level, the normality of the distribution of the dependent variable scores, the homogeneity of the variances, and the equality of the covariance matrices. Since the type of questionnaire used in this research, it is a Likert scale, so all the dependent variables are at least at the level of the interval scale. In this section, the results of the hypotheses are presented as follows: To obtain the results of one-way covariance analysis, Pillai's effect, Wilks's lambda, Hotelling's effect, the largest error root were used, the results of which are given. All four reported tests are used to check the significance of multivariate analysis of variance. As we know, the most widely used test that is presented in most reports is the Wilks's lambda, and the most powerful test that is resistant to defaults is the Pilai effect. When all the conditions are met and the sample size is also being equal, the results of all four tests are similar and close to each other. This result showed that all educational activities have a significant impact on the growth and development of students' talents and abilities. Mathematical concepts are one of the most effective teaching materials in this course. What is important in teaching mathematics is understanding. Learning and understanding the basic principles of a subject is not limited to learning its general principles, but must have the ability to discover new things and solve problems. Curriculum planning experts believe that the basic principles of the subjects should be presented in such a way that the final discovery of unknowns is made by the student. Playing is one of the most effective and best ways to teach children. The National Council of Mathematics Teachers in America and Canada have emphasized that the best way to teach mathematics is for students to construct mathematical concepts themselves. The game is an ideal option for the interaction between the school and the children's world, and considering that the rate of academic failure in mathematics is one of the common problems of Iranian students in all levels of education, therefore, it is one of the important factors that affect the attitude and performance of mathematics. It is effective for students; we can mention math education through games. The results of the first hypothesis of the research and investigation of the effect of game teaching on reducing exam boredom among fourth grade students in Ardabil showed that there is a significant difference between the test anxiety reduction scores in the post-exam after removing the effect of the pre-exam. Therefore, there is a significant difference between the reduction of exam boredom of students who have been trained with the game teaching method and the students who have not been trained, and this shows that teaching through the game method reduces Mathematical boredom of students has had an effect; in such a way that it had a greater effect on reducing the mathematical boredom of the experimental group.One of the reasons for the low level of happiness in mathematics classrooms may be that the choice of mathematics as a field of study was forced and lack of interest, and this kind of disinterest and fear towards this field shows that this causes May these students experience a range of negative emotions from restlessness and lack of peace to confusion and boredom towards the field of mathematics and achieve less success in this field and this causes them to enjoy less. And the research results are in line with the research results of other authors and that the names of the authors with the title of the article that the results of this research are in line with the results of their research are given in detail in the discussion and conclusion section. All these researches indicate that shows the applicability of play-based teaching to improve math anxiety, increase happiness, and avoid boredom and boredom of students. In a research, he compared the effect of two teaching methods, game-based and traditional, on the motivation and happiness, and as a result, the academic progress of students in mathematics. The results obtained from the data analysis showed that there is a statistically significant difference between the average size and academic progress of students trained with the game method and students trained with the traditional method. Explaining these findings, it can be said that game-based education has a strong and important role in increasing the motivation and academic progress of students, in a research to investigate the role of educational games on learning the concepts of education and comparing math numbers of first grade female students. The elementary school of the city of Ray, they paid. The results of the research showed that educational games are more or less effective on students' learning of math curriculum concepts in the field of numeracy concepts. In the explanation of these findings, it can be said that, since students have a strong interest in the game, then it is possible to convey many lessons to the students in the form of a game, one of these lessons can be the teaching of mathematics. May the application of this method deepen students' learning and help students in consolidating educational materials. Among the limitations of this research, it can be pointed out that it is limited only to math lessons. Also, among other limitations of this research was the lack of cooperation of schools in the implementation of this research. Therefore, it is suggested to promote the improvement of mental health among students and create joy and happiness in school and prevent emotional disorders such as boredom, anxiety, depression Academically, unjustified absences in class used preventive plans to promote mental health, including games. It is also suggested that many workshops and courses be held to raise teachers' awareness of educational games. It is also suggested that special training be provided by experienced and experienced people in education in order to train teachers and those who deal with children more in order to advance the goals of play in children in order to increase social growth and increase happiness. And enjoy, interact in the game with other children.