نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت آموزشی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی. پست الکترونیک
2 استاد گروه مدیریت و برنامه ریزی آموزشی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی تهران، تهران، ایران.
3 دانشیار گروه مدیریت و برنامه ریزی آموزشی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی تهران، تهران، ایران.
4 استادیار گروه مدیریت و برنامه ریزی آموزشی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی تهران، تهران، ایران.
5 استادیار گروه مدیریت و برنامه ریزی آموزشی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Today, there is a great deal of emphasis on entrepreneurship education by governments, organizations and public opinion, and it is referred to as the economic engine. Iran is no exception to this rule, as it has been mentioned many times in the comprehensive scientific map of the country. Due to the large budget spent on technical and vocational training compared to other training centers and the low employment of these forces is nothing but a waste of money and inefficiency and inadequacy of the production and service system and most importantly the frustration of young people in the province and the country. On the other hand, in recent years, the role of entrepreneurs in the industrial and economic growth and prosperity of countries and also considering the issues and bottlenecks of economic criticism and industrial development, especially unemployment, it has been necessary for countries to promote and develop this concept. Pay on a large scale. Experiences in the field of job creation and job opportunities in the country show the fact that relying only on financial investment and government support cannot overcome the unemployment crisis, but also pay attention to infrastructure and provide a new definition of work and employment and moving through job search and Entrepreneurship as well as its dissemination in various ways, we can see structural changes in the field of job creation. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the development of entrepreneurs in public universities in Tehran. The present article is practical in terms of purpose and due to the use of meta-analysis method and due to the nature of data is among the quantitative research. The study population is the articles in valid scientific databases. In this meta-analysis, the results of researches that have met the necessary conditions in terms of methodology have been studied. The endometrial criteria of this study were: the research has been done in Iran (10 articles), and also in the relevant research, the effective factors in cultivating entrepreneurship in Iranian universities have been used and finally the research should provide the necessary information to extract the effect size (The strength of the relationship); therefore, according to these criteria, the number of researches selected for meta-analysis is ten. A coding form was used to collect the data required for meta-analysis. This form is equivalent to a questionnaire or interview form in other types of research. Has examined that 5 of these studies have used Student's t test, 3 studies have used correlation test and 2 have used Z test. The results of meta-analysis of factors affecting the development of entrepreneurs showed that; Education with an effect size of 0.67, infrastructure with an effect size of 0.623 and the relationship with industry and academia with an effect size of 0.563 had the most effect on entrepreneurship in universities. Considering that at the 95% confidence level, the significance level is less than the error rate (5%) and the null hypothesis is rejected and the research hypothesis is accepted; That is, there is a significant difference between the size of the obtained works, and this means that the size of the obtained works is heterogeneous. This heterogeneity of the findings also indicates the existence of a moderating variable that has affected the results of the study on the obtained variables. In such cases, meta-analysts should consider the intervention variable or variables, which may be due to their potential impact. This is done by classifying the data into at least two subgroups according to the variables that are theoretically appropriate for this grouping (variables such as gender or level of education). Then separate Meta-analyzes are performed for each subgroup. In the present study, due to the fact that the characteristics of the statistical samples of the studies were not completely separated and transparent, it was not possible to divide the studies into subgroups based on moderating variables; therefore, researchers were limited in identifying moderating variables. Given that entrepreneurship in higher education is one of the goals of Vision 1404, which is also emphasized in scientific discussions and meetings. Universities and higher education centers should move towards entrepreneurship in order to develop the university, so the following suggestions are recommended as strategies for cultivating entrepreneurs:
Since it is part of acquired entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial behavior can be developed in individuals by using training courses. In this regard, educational programs should be used to empower people through entrepreneurial knowledge, skills and mental attitudes to face work challenges and social problems in the 21st century.
Given that one of the main characteristics of an entrepreneurial manager is creativity, the necessary conditions must be provided to increase the creativity of individuals. Of course, today it has been proven that creativity, like other human talents, is largely acquired and not specific to specific individuals.
Following the example of successful people is another method that is suggested for cultivating entrepreneurs. In this way, by knowing successful people, we can answer the question, how and why did these people succeed? In this case, by following their patterns and methods, one can plan for success.
Providing a suitable environment to increase perseverance and self-confidence is one of the essential factors in cultivating entrepreneurs. Because in order to succeed in work and achieve the desires of the heart, all the internal forces must be spent to achieve the goals, and you must always think about the final achievements. "90 percent of genius comes from perseverance," Edison said. In this regard, the success stories of great people show that perseverance is one of the most important keys to their success. In addition, the results obtained from research and experience show that positive self-confidence is a creative and constructive force that leads to flourishing and continuous progress in the direction of its goals. In this way, successful people are not afraid of failure and know from the beginning that they will achieve their goal. In this way, each person can gain and develop the necessary self-confidence by listing his / her abilities and skills.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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