ارائه چارچوب بهینه برای ارزشیابی نظام برنامه درسی در دانشگاه (پژوهش مروری نظامندبه همراه تحقیق کیفی)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری برنامه‌ریزی درسی، عضو هیات علمی موسسه آموزش عالی علمی کاربردی جهاد دانشگاهی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار مطالعات برنامه درسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی ، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار مطالعات برنامه درسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

https://doi.org/10.34785/J012.2020.986

چکیده

هدف: هدف از انجام این پژوهش، ارائه چارچوب بهینه برای ارزشیابی نظام برنامه درسی در دانشگاه است.
روش: پژوهش دارای رویکردی کیفی و از روش سنتزپژوهی و گراندد تئوری به‌عنوان روش‌های تحقیق استفاده شده است. پژوهش براساس هدف، توصیفی و از نوع کیفی - کاربردی است. از این‌رو حوزه پژوهش شامل کلیه مقالات علمی پژوهشی دهه اخیر در زمینه ارزشیابی برنامه‌های درسی آموزش عالی می‌باشد که براساس روند بررسی مقالات 46 مقاله مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. از سوی دیگر در این پژوهش از مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختار یافته با 16 نفر از نخبگان آگاه نیز استفاده شد. روش نمونه‌گیری از موارد مطلوب بوده یعنی افرادی که تجربه مستقیم از ارزشیابی برنامه‌های درسی دانشگاهی داشتند. برای تعیین اعتبار از راهبرد بازبینی مشارکت‌کنندگان و بازبینی متخصصان استفاده شده است. به این منظور کدگذاری تحلیل در اختیار سه پژوهشگر قرار گرفت که ضریب توافق 88/0 برآورد شد.
یافتهها: نتیجه نهایی تحلیل سنتزپژوهی و گراندد تئوری به‌صورت ترکیبی چارچوب دایره‎ای شکل را که بیانگر مؤلفه‌های مهم و اساسی برای‎ ارزشیابی از نظام برنامه‎های درسی در دانشگاه جامع علمی کاربردی می‎باشد را تشکیل داده‎اند. این چارچوب شامل مؤلفه‌هایی در ابعاد‎: الف) بافت (‎با مؤلفه‌های 1- ویژگی برنامه‎های درسی و 2- طراحی، تدوین و تصویب برنامه‎های درسی). ب)‎ فرایند (‎با مؤلفه‌های 1- نظام پذیرش و اجرای برنامه‎های درسی و 2- مدرسین). ج) مداخله‎گر (‎با مؤلفه چالش‎ها و ضعف‎ها) د) پیامد (با مؤلفه‌های 1- ساختار 2- تعامل و 3- پیامدها‎) می‎باشد. در ضلع دیگری از این دایره هر یک از مؤلفه‌ها خود چندین ریز مؤلفه را شامل می‌شود که این ریز‌مولفه‌ها در حقیقت آن مواردی است که در نتیجه مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته با صاحب‌نظران و متخصصین کسب شده است. در ضلع بیرونی چارچوب دایره‎ای شکل ذیل ریز‎مؤلفه‌هایی متناظر با ریز‎مؤلفه‌های حاصل از مصاحبه آورده شده است که در حقیقت محصول انجام و پیاده‎سازی روش تلفیق (سنتز‎پژوهی) در این پژوهش می‎باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Provide an optimal framework for evaluating the curriculum system at the university (Systematic review study along with qualitative research)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rahman Azizi 1
  • Gholamreza HajHosseinNezhad 2
  • Mostafa Ghaderi 3
  • Majid Aliaskari 2
1 PhD Student in Curriculum Planning, Faculty Member, Jihad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Curriculum Studies, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor of Curriculum Studies, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide an optimal framework for evaluating the curriculum system at the university.
Method: The research has a qualitative approach and the research synthesis has been used as research method. The purpose-based research is descriptive and qualitative-applied. Therefore, the field of research includes all scientific research articles of the last decade in the field of evaluation of higher education curricula, which were evaluated based on the review process of 46 articles. On the other hand, semi-structured interviews with 16 knowledgeable elites were also used in this study. The sampling method was desirable, namely those who had direct experience of evaluating university curricula. Participant review and expert review strategies have been used to validate. For this purpose, the coding of the analysis was provided by three researchers with a coefficient of agreement of 0.88. From the qualitative content analysis of the information obtained from the articles and opinions of the experts, the optimal framework for evaluating the syllabus system at the applied science university was developed.
Findings: The final result of the analysis of the synthesis of research and Grand Theory in combination has formed a circular framework that expresses the important and basic components for evaluating the system of curricula at the University of Applied Sciences and Technology. This framework includes components in the following dimensions: a) Texture (with components: 1- Features of curriculum and 2- Design, development and approval of curriculum). B) Process (with the components of 1- system of admission and implementation of curriculum and 2- teachers). C) The intervener (with the component of challenges and weaknesses) d) is the consequence (with the components of 1- structure 2- interaction and 3- consequences). On the other side of the circle, each of the components itself contains several micro-components, which are in fact the result of semi-structured interviews with experts. In the outer side of the curriculum framework, the following are the components that correspond to the details of the interview, which is in fact the product of the implementation and implementation of the synthesis method (synthesis research) in this study. As much as possible, the researcher has tried to match the details of the synthesis implementation with the small components of the semi-structured interviews so that future appraisers of the applied science system can be evaluated. Have a relatively comprehensive framework for evaluating the curriculum system at the Comprehensive University of Applied Sciences and Technology.


Key word: Evaluation, Comprehensive University of Applied Sciences, Research Synthesis, grounded theory and Curriculum System





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کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Evaluation
  • Comprehensive University of Applied Sciences
  • Research Synthesis
  • grounded theory and Curriculum System
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