بررسی انگیزه ورود به حرفه و عوامل مؤثر بر انگیزة معلمان زبان انگلیسی ایرانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه زبان انگلیسی دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه ، ایران

2 استادیار دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه ، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری اموزش زبان انگلیسی دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور واکاوی «انگیزه معلم»، و با بهره­گرفتن از روش­های تحقیق کیفی، پژوهش اخیر به بررسی انگیزة ورود به حرفه­، و عوامل مؤثر بر انگیزة معلمان زبان انگلیسی ایرانی می­پردازد. یافته­های به‌دست آمده از تحلیل داده­های کیفی حاصل از مصاحبه­های نیمه ساختمند و پرسشنامه­های کیفی نشان می­دهد که دلایل بیرونی شامل: فقر اقتصادی خانواده، ترس از بیکاری، انتخاب از سر ناچاری، اجبار خانواده، معافیت از خدمت سربازی، مناسب بودن برای بانوان و تعطیلات زیاد، به‌ترتیب، مهم‌ترین دلایل پیوستن معلمان به این حرفه می­باشد. علاقه به تدریس و علاقه به زبان انگلیسی مهم­ترین دلایل درونی، و خدمت به جامعه تنها دلیل نوع دوستانه برای انتخاب حرفه گزارش شده است. میزان بالای تمایل به تغییر شغل (19/74 درصد)، ترک حرفه (58 درصد)، و بازنشستگی زود هنگام (58/72 درصد) در معلمان، حاکی از نارضایتی شغلی معلمان است. همچنین، براساس یافته‌های پژوهش، حقوق و مزایا، احترام و جایگاه اجتماعی، سیاست­های اداری/ آموزشی، شرایط و محیط کاری، دانش‌آموزان، خود کارآمدی و توسعة حرفه­ای، منابع و امکانات آموزشی، بازخورد مدیران، والدین، و همکاران، زبان انگلیسی، استقلال معلم، نقش معلم در سیاست­گذاری، و کمک به جامعه و دانش‌آموزان از مهم­ترین عوامل مؤثر بر انگیزه (شامل شش درون­مایه بیرونی، پنج درون‌مایه درونی و یک درون­مایه نوع‌دوستانه) در معلمان است. در پایان راهبردهایی برای به‌کارگیری و ایجاد انگیزه در معلمان زبان انگلیسی ارائه شده است. نتایج این تحقیق دربردارنده موارد ارزشمندی برای سیاست‌گذاران در حوزة تربیت معلم و آموزش و پرورش در سطوح مختلف می باشد. 

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