بافت‌های آموزشی و انگیزشی: بررسی تأثیر دوگانه انگیزه‌های درونی و بیرونی بر معلمان زبان انگلیسی در محیط‌های آموزشی دولتی و خصوصی

Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to explore the dual impacts of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on English language teachers operating within public and private educational frameworks. The investigation is centered around the hypothesis that intrinsic and extrinsic motivations significantly influence teaching dynamics, including methodologies, teacher engagement, and the overall job satisfaction and achievement levels of students. By conducting a deep analysis of these types of motivations, the research aims to ascertain how they distinctly influence various aspects of educational delivery and teacher-student interactions.

Moreover, the study intends to explore how these motivational forces can differ by type of educational setting—public versus private—and how they intersect with other demographic and institutional variables. This includes examining how factors such as age, years of experience, educational background, and the socio-economic status of the teachers influence the motivational impact. The overarching goal of this investigation is to derive actionable insights that can inform the development of improved educational policies and support mechanisms. These insights are expected to be specifically tailored to enhance teacher performance and optimize student learning outcomes across diverse educational contexts.

Method: To thoroughly investigate the impacts of intrinsic and extrinsic motivational forces on English language teachers, the research employed a mixed-methods approach, integrating both quantitative and qualitative methodologies to acquire a comprehensive understanding of the subject. The quantitative portion of the study involved a meticulously designed questionnaire distributed to 150 English language teachers across a variety of public and private educational institutions throughout several regions. This structured questionnaire aimed to quantitatively assess various dimensions of teacher motivation, including its effects on job satisfaction, teaching methodologies, and the perceived influences on student learning outcomes.

Simultaneously, qualitative data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 30 selected teachers. These participants were carefully chosen based on their distinct motivational profiles and the types of institutions they represented, to ensure a diverse and comprehensive sampling of perspectives. The qualitative interviews sought to unearth the deeper, personal experiences and perceptions of the teachers, focusing on how intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors influenced their teaching practices and professional lives. This dual approach not only enriched the data collected but also provided nuanced insights into the complex dynamics of teacher motivation.

Further enhancing the study's methodological rigor, the research team also conducted classroom observations and followed up with focus group discussions among subsets of participants. These observations and discussions were aimed to cross-verify and deepen the findings from the surveys and interviews, providing a multi-dimensional perspective on how motivation impacts teaching effectiveness and student engagement. This comprehensive methodological approach ensured that the study captured a holistic view of the motivational impacts across different teaching environments, thus enabling more detailed analysis and better-informed conclusions on the dual influences of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations in educational settings.

Data Analysis: Quantitative data from the survey were meticulously analyzed using advanced statistical techniques, such as multiple regression analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and correlation coefficients to unearth patterns and ascertain the impacts of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations on various educational outcomes.

Qualitative data from the interviews were transcribed and analyzed through thematic analysis, allowing for the identification of key themes and narratives about how motivations affect teaching practices. This dual approach to data analysis enriched the study’s findings, providing a layered understanding of the interconnections between teacher motivations and their professional outcomes.

Findings: The study highlighted the varied effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations across different educational settings and their profound impact on teaching methodologies and outcomes. Teachers in private schools displayed higher levels of intrinsic motivation, which were strongly associated with the use of innovative teaching methods, enhanced job satisfaction, and more dynamic engagement with students. These educators often exhibited a profound dedication to teaching, motivated by a desire to achieve educational excellence beyond mere financial incentives. In contrast, teachers in public schools tended to rely more on extrinsic motivations, such as job security and benefits. While these factors provided stability, they were also linked to higher rates of professional burnout and a lower engagement with innovative teaching practices.

Teachers driven by intrinsic motivations engaged more thoroughly with student-centered approaches and were more likely to innovate in their teaching practices and curriculum designs. This drive led to the creation of more effective and engaging learning environments, marked by higher levels of creativity in pedagogical strategies and a profound sense of professional fulfillment. Such motivation fostered continuous professional development and openness to new technologies and methodologies, enhancing educational outcomes.

Conversely, teachers primarily driven by extrinsic motivations, like salaries and promotions, often adhered strictly to traditional teaching methods, showing lower overall job satisfaction and professional fulfillment. This often resulted in a less dynamic classroom atmosphere and more conventional teaching approaches. The findings underscore the need for developing support systems that not only provide rewards but also reinvigorate teachers' intrinsic motivations and enhance their teaching environments.

The divergence in motivational impacts suggests that enhancing teacher motivation requires a multifaceted strategy that incorporates both recognition of achievements and opportunities for meaningful professional development and personal growth. Schools and educational policymakers are encouraged to adopt more holistic approaches to teacher motivation, combining traditional rewards with initiatives aimed at fulfilling teachers' inner aspirations and professional goals. This strategy could profoundly affect teacher satisfaction and, consequently, student success.

Conclusion: The findings emphasize the necessity for educational policymakers and administrators to consider both intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors when designing programs and strategies for teacher support. Educational institutions can significantly improve teacher satisfaction and effectiveness by fostering an environment that encourages intrinsic motivation through professional growth opportunities and recognition and balancing this with appropriate extrinsic rewards like competitive salaries and career advancement options.

This study contributes valuably to the field by providing detailed insights into the dynamics of teacher motivation and its effects on educational outcomes. It suggests that tailored motivational strategies, informed by a deep understanding of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, could greatly enhance educational practices and outcomes. This research paves the way for future studies and policy formulations that could potentially transform educational environments for better teacher engagement and student performance.