تجاربی از کلاس درس استاد فقید تعلیم و تربیت دکتر علی شریعتمداری: مؤلفه‌هایی برای تدریس اثر بخش در آموزش عالی

Abstract

Purpose:The current research is a phenomenology of the experiences of the students of the late Dr. Ali Shariatmadari, in order to determine the components for effective teaching in higher education, so that based on this, the effective application of the components of effective teaching in higher education and the promotion and improvement in effective teaching can be provided.

Method:The research approach is qualitative and phenomenological.The studied population includes fifteen professors who were students of the late professor of education, Dr. Ali Shariatmadari, who were selected using the purposeful snowball sampling method until reaching the saturation level. The research tool includes a semi-structured interview.

Findings: The information recorded from the interviews was coded based on a three-step method. In open coding, primary codes were extracted from the interviews. Then, these concepts were categorized based on the content in the form of major categories and axial coding was done. The last step was selective coding. This step was done by comparing each core category with other categories. Examining the results obtained from the interviews showed that, according to the professors' point of view, the components of effective teaching can be divided into four main categories; Teaching skills, personality and behavioral skills, communication skills, evaluation skills and seventeen sub-categories.

Conclusion: To make teaching in higher education effective, a serious behavior mixed with flexibility and a logical balance of rules and relationships should be established in university teaching. Conditions should be provided in the universities so that the experience of experienced and experienced professors can be exchanged with new professors.

The first main theme extracted from the participants' experiences was teaching skills. The interviewees in the current research discussed themes such as following the educational regulations and having order and being on time in class, the importance of developing critical and creative thinking and improving thinking skills in the teaching and learning process, emphasizing problem solving methods and preparation. They stated that the class is for thinking and discussion, referring the student to different teaching resources, introducing the student to the viewpoint of different schools, respecting the length of the class .The second main extracted theme is personality and behavioral skills. The interviewees brought up themes such as respecting respect, purity and sincerity, belonging to religion and science, having self-confidence, reflective thinking and problem solving, being motivated and interested in education, compassion and kindness while being strict. The third main theme extracted is communication skills. Interviewees mentioned themes such as establishing a professional relationship with students and helping students' professional growth, establishing proper communication between professor and student and maintaining balance in the relationship, having high expectations from students. The fourth main theme extracted is evaluation skills.

These findings have been compiled based on the experiences of a number of students of the late Professor Dr. Shariatmadari in a period of twenty years. Some of them either did not want to be interviewed, or it was difficult to reach them, so a number of them were interviewed in a snowball form. These findings may not reflect the full view of everyone's experiences and this was a limitation of this research. Therefore, the researchers devoted all their efforts to avoid bias in this matter as much as possible. The authors of this article hope that they or other researchers will be able to study the experiences of other students of the late Dr. Shariatmadari in a wider time and place, and even other professors like Piseksot and Banam, in order to learn from effective teaching behaviors and perhaps from some behaviors. Avoid being ineffective in teaching. It is necessary to explain that in this research more emphasis was placed on identifying components for effective teaching and possible experiences related to ineffective teaching require an independent study that will be conducted by the authors of this article or other interested researchers in the future.

Therefore, it can be said; To make teaching effective in higher education, it is necessary to establish a serious behavior mixed with flexibility and a logical balance of rules and relationships in university teaching. It is important to choose people whose personality traits are suitable for teaching. Favorable conditions should be provided in universities so that it is possible to exchange the experiences of experienced and experienced professors with new professors with scientific mechanisms, and professors and new professors can work together by combining the teaching experiences of the past and new scientific approaches in education and training. Effective teaching in the academic department is an effort. It is hoped that the results of the present research will be a framework for the realization of effective teaching, especially in higher education.

Establishing correct communication between professor and students. If this relationship is established well, educational goals will be realized with more quality and ease. The second main extracted theme is personality and behavioral skills. The interviewees brought up themes such as respecting respect, purity and sincerity, belonging to religion and science, having self-confidence, reflective thinking and problem solving, being motivated and interested in education, compassion and kindness while being strict. . The third main theme extracted is communication skills. Interviewees mentioned themes such as establishing a professional relationship with students and helping students' professional growth, establishing proper communication between professor and student and maintaining balance in the relationship, having high expectations from students.. told. Asadian et al (2017) Recognizing the individual differences of learners is inevitable for a good teaching. A good professor should know the characteristics of his students, be friendly with them and look at all of them in the same way so that he can penetrate into their hearts and cause better academic performance in students. By observing the surrounding situations, the professor realizes the extent of his understanding of the topic in question. The teacher's friendliness, warm behavior and respect for the student's character can make teaching more effective. The results of the research showed that the concepts of effectiveness are predicted for university professors who have high expectations and also about providing a supportive learning environment where professors learn scaffolding effectively and promote effective interaction with their students. they do. The fourth main theme extracted is evaluation skills. The interviewees mentioned topics such as mastering course materials, managing coursework. Abdolmaleki, Maleki and Farjadmand (2019) showed six components in their research; Ethical and personality characteristics of teachers, professional characteristics.,