واکاوی تجارب زیسته دانشجویان از روش پرسش محور در درس اندیشه اسلامی

Teaching method as a method of organizing the form of learning with the aim of estimating a specific educational goal, or replacing a specific learning effect. The question-based teaching method is one of these teaching methods that will influence the formation of the logical organization of learning; Therefore, the current research study with a qualitative approach and interpretive phenomenology method aims to analyze the question-based teaching method. Using purposeful sampling and considering the theoretical saturation of data, 18 students participated in this research. Data were collected and implemented using semi-structured interviews and then analyzed using interview analysis and MAXQDA2020 software. According to the results of the research, six factors that made teachers use this teaching method include: the growth of thinking and reflection, increasing class participation, strengthening self-confidence, internal learning, truth-seeking and acceptance of the truth, and cognitive and practical courage that inhibits this method. He pointed out the lack of time, the difficulty of controlling the class and the traditionality of the question-based method. The results of the research showed that using the question-based method will increase students' learning and growth, which depends on the foundation and use of this teaching method in certain subjects.

The purpose of education is to realize learning in students, and one of the effective factors in achieving such a goal is to pay attention to choosing the appropriate teaching method according to the classroom conditions and subjects. Teachers are not only information transmitters, but by choosing the correct teaching methods, they can facilitate the speed of learning, academic progress, success, personality development and self-confidence in students, in fact, teachers are the facilitators of education. Therefore, special attention has been paid to the question in different learning theories and it has always been raised in teaching models - from traditional to classical. While the supporters of the traditional approach use the teacher's questions to positively and emphasize the transmitted content, newer approaches emphasize the questioning of the learners and their activity. The art of questioning is considered as the most effective tool in the field of education. If used properly and at the right time, questioning can be useful everywhere, for all situations, and for all types of learning. A good question also leads to a good understanding and can be a tool for organizing knowledge on this basis, while older theories of learning, sometimes in accordance with their goal, which is the realization of learning, to the characteristics of questions such as clarity, purposefulness and making them think There have been hints. Also, according to Carver and colleagues, the question and answer teaching method transforms the traditional flow of information into an interactive conversation when students are active in the classroom process and participate in answering questions, which not only increases understanding of the subject but also develops analytical skills. And it improves the critical thinking of learners. The question-and-answer process creates an environment that supports the growth of thought and articulates students' participation in reflecting on their learning and their thoughts. The question and answer approach is emphasized as a strategy to sharpen the mind and encourage critical thinking of learners. In modern education, the importance of developing high-level thinking skills, which include; The key to facing the ever-evolving demands of the labor market. By emphasizing the development of high-level thinking skills through the question-and-answer method, it is hoped that education can more effectively prepare learners for complex challenges in society and the ever-changing world of work. Also, since in the present study, the aim was to obtain and show the perceptions of new students of Kurdistan University about the question-based teaching method. The phenomenological method was used. The goal of phenomenology is to explore the processes through which the participants make sense of their experiences, which is done by paying attention to the respondents' narratives of the processes they experienced; Therefore, the purpose of the mentioned method is to examine the experience, perceptions, understanding and viewpoint of the respondents in a study. Phenomenological research is a type of interpretive research that focuses on human perception and experience. In this way, it examines the human perceptions of different people separately and also examines the results and descriptions that appear directly in people's perceptions. In the present study, the purpose of selecting new students of Kurdistan University who have experienced the question and answer teaching method in the course of Islamic thought and these participants were willing to talk about their experiences. At the same time, it was tried that these participants were as different from each other as possible in order to obtain rich and unique narratives about the specific experience. If in interpretive phenomenology, a specific context is considered in which it should be seen how people interpret this phenomenon; The data source of this research was the newly arrived students of Kurdistan University who had experience of this teaching method for at least one semester; Therefore, sampling was done in a targeted manner and theoretical saturation was the criterion for completing the sampling. . In a qualitative study, the researcher must disclose any issues of bias before the research. The interpretive phenomenology researcher must maintain a reflective mindset. Reflexivity refers to reflection with critical, sensitive and honest thinking in the research process. Reflexivity acknowledges that meanings derived from the analysis of transcripts are influenced by interpretation. Although interpretive phenomenology is trying to have a better understanding of the participants' efforts, this can only be done through the close involvement of the researcher with the transcripts of the participants. In this sense, interpretive phenomenological analysis is also phenomenological. In the current research, the researcher's attention is paid to the effectiveness of the question and answer teaching method as one of the influential factors in education, which is affected by various factors such as the mental stimulation of students, the ability of the lecturer, the participation of students and various other factors. The researcher should use words that are precise, clear and non-judgmental, and this will be necessary to respect the people and avoid labeling. Good judgment is exercised throughout the process by providing effective and helpful insights. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview using open questions. Questions focusing on the topics covered were given in an interview guide.