تأثیر شیوه‌ تدریس تعاملی اساتید بر عزت نفس و اضطراب دانشجویان

Abstract



In educational environments, mental health is increasingly recognized as a crucial factor influencing both the quality and depth of students' learning experiences. A growing body of research highlights that mental well-being not only impacts students' engagement and focus but also plays a significant role in their overall academic success and long-term personal development. Among the various dimensions of mental health, self-esteem and academic anxiety are two key psychological factors that can substantially influence students’ academic outcomes. Self-esteem, defined as an individual's sense of self-worth and capability, serves as a foundation for motivation, confidence, and resilience in the learning process. Conversely, academic anxiety—often manifested as stress or worry related to academic performance—can severely hinder a student’s ability to concentrate, retain information, and actively participate, ultimately impeding their academic progress. Given the importance of these psychological factors, this study examines the effects of different teaching methodologies on students' self-esteem and academic anxiety, with the goal of contributing to the development of more supportive, engaging, and effective educational practices.



This research employed a quasi-experimental design, selected to strike a balance between methodological rigor and the practical constraints inherent in real-world educational settings. Classified as an applied study, this research focused on outcomes that could directly benefit the academic community of Ayatollah Amoli University. The target population included all students enrolled in the Faculty of Psychology at Ayatollah Amoli University during the 2023-2024 academic year. A sample of 50 students was selected using convenience sampling, a common approach in educational research that provides ease of access and feasibility. This sample was then divided into two groups: an experimental group exposed to interactive teaching methods and a control group that continued with traditional instructional approaches. Each group consisted of 25 students, ensuring balanced demographic distribution and comparability across groups.



To capture accurate insights into levels of self-esteem and academic anxiety, the data collection process employed standardized and validated assessment tools. Self-esteem was measured using the Rogers Self-Esteem Scale, a well-established instrument that provides a comprehensive assessment of self-perception, personal competence, and interpersonal confidence. For assessing academic anxiety, a standardized academic anxiety questionnaire was utilized, specifically designed to gauge anxiety levels related to academic tasks, performance, and evaluations. By employing these reliable and validated instruments, the study sought to enhance the credibility and consistency of its measurements, thereby increasing the reliability of the findings.



Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 26, facilitating in-depth data processing and interpretation. Statistical analyses included independent samples t-tests and ANOVA, enabling the research to examine differences between the experimental and control groups in terms of pre- and post-intervention changes in self-esteem and anxiety levels. Results demonstrated that interactive teaching methods, especially those that encourage active student engagement such as project-based learning and structured group discussions, led to significant improvements in students’ self-esteem. The findings suggest that interactive methods may foster a sense of agency, personal competence, and peer support—key factors associated with enhanced self-esteem. Moreover, these interactive methods were also found to be effective in reducing academic anxiety levels, with students in the experimental group reporting lower levels of anxiety compared to those in the control group. Notably, students who participated in more interactive and engaging classes reported higher satisfaction, increased self-confidence, and a stronger sense of belonging.



The results further indicated that students who engaged in project-based learning exhibited enhanced critical thinking skills and a deeper understanding of course material. This type of active learning promotes not only knowledge retention but also the application of learned concepts in real-world scenarios. The research highlights that when students are actively involved in their learning processes, they are more likely to experience positive emotional states, leading to improved mental health outcomes. Consequently, the data supports the assertion that adopting interactive teaching methodologies can significantly transform the educational experience, making it more enjoyable and fulfilling for students.



These findings underscore the substantial benefits of incorporating interactive, student-centered teaching methodologies within academic institutions. By fostering a more inclusive and engaging classroom environment, such methods not only bolster students’ self-esteem but also alleviate the detrimental effects of academic anxiety. Specifically, students exposed to higher levels of classroom interaction reported increased satisfaction, greater confidence, and a more pronounced sense of community. Active participation in the learning process appears to generate positive psychological outcomes that contribute to a healthier, more supportive learning atmosphere. Furthermore, the reduction in academic anxiety has broader implications for students' overall mental health, as lower levels of anxiety correlate with improved concentration, motivation, and persistence in their academic pursuits.



Based on these findings, this study recommends that educational institutions, particularly universities, consider integrating interactive teaching approaches such as project-based learning and structured group discussions into their curricula. The implementation of these methods has the potential to foster a supportive, mentally healthy learning environment that not only enhances academic performance but also contributes to students’ personal development and psychological well-being. By adopting these practices, educational institutions can serve as models for fostering resilience, reducing the negative impact of academic stress, and promoting a positive self-perception among students. Consequently, this study advocates for a shift in teaching practices toward those that prioritize psychological support through active engagement and collaboration in the learning process.



Future research could expand upon these findings by exploring the long-term effects of interactive teaching on mental health outcomes across diverse educational contexts and disciplines, potentially providing further insights into the ways active learning can be applied in a variety of academic settings to support students' overall success and well-being. Additionally, further studies could investigate how factors such as student demographics, cultural differences, and varying educational systems may influence the effectiveness of interactive teaching approaches in enhancing self-esteem and reducing academic anxiety. Such research could provide a more nuanced understanding of how these methodologies can be tailored to different learning environments, ultimately informing broader educational policies and practices.



In conclusion, this study represents a significant step toward recognizing and implementing interactive teaching methods as effective tools for improving students’ mental health and academic performance. As educational institutions increasingly prioritize mental well-being, the implications of this research can serve as a foundation for the development and optimization of educational programs in universities and other educational settings. By embracing innovative teaching strategies that enhance student engagement and participation, educators can create a more supportive and effective learning environment that not only addresses academic needs but also nurtures the psychological and emotional health of students, ensuring a holistic approach to education.