تجربۀ مدیران مدارس ابتدایی از کار با معلّمان جدید‌الاستخدام فارغ‌التحصیل دانشگاه فرهنگیان: مطالعه پدیدارشناسانه

The education system is one of the most important organizations serving the country; Because the specialized human force of the society, which is supposed to turn the wheels of the society and in this way move the society, educate and cultivate, in the heart of the processes of the educational system, the person who has the greatest impact on the inputs and outputs of the system is the teacher; Because he is responsible for the processes within the educational system. The beating heart of the educational system is the students, and the teacher has the greatest influence on them, so the teacher is the most important person in the process of educating children. The teacher has different roles such as role model, guidance role, consultant and psychologist role, etc.; Because students enter the classroom with different characteristics and needs, and the teacher must have comprehensive qualifications and characteristics specific to the job of a teacher in order to be able to perform his various roles well towards students..Considering the importance of experience in any job and profession, especially the teaching profession, teachers who have recently entered this field, more than anything else, need to acquire this internal knowledge so that they can spend the first day of class like experienced teachers, and So they can manage the class in critical situations. Since in the school environment, teachers spend most of their time alone in the classroom, the possibility that they can share this program and hidden knowledge with other colleagues is very small. For this reason, a novice teacher with all his information and reserves must experience all the conditions and situations on his own and make the right decisions, and this issue may sometimes confront him with challenges and issues.. Therefore, if a society is looking for transformation in its heart, the educational system and its teachers, identifying these shortcomings, issues and needs for that society It is considered one of the key points and can be a guide and opener for its planners in drawing a better future.The first years of teaching are one of the most challenging years of service for new teachers of Farhangian University. It is associated with the highest level of stress and anxiety. The challenges faced by new teachers of Farhangian University include issues related to From teaching to communication with parents, students, and colleagues, it is different. But one of the factors that continuously and continuously interacts with this type of teachers and can help them in a special way are school administrators. Therefore, valuable and useful information can be extracted from their lived experiences. The main purpose of the current research was to discover the experiences of elementary school principals from working with new teachers of Farhangian University. The qualitative research design and the method used was descriptive phenomenology. The participants in this research consisted of 10 elementary school principals with experience working with new teachers of Farhangian University, who were selected with the purposeful sampling approach and standard sampling method. The data collection method of this research was a semi-structured interview. To measure the initial validity of the data, the criteria of acceptability, credibility and reliability of qualitative data were used. After coding the data, thematic analysis method (basic themes, organizing themes and overarching theme) were used to form a network of challenges themes for new teachers of Farhangian University. The results showed that from the combination and integration of 289 primary codes, 56 basic codes (36 positive challenges and 20 negative challenges) and five positive organizing themes and five organization themes The negative factor was formed. The five organizing themes of positive challenges were: 1) related to teaching (high energy, up-to-date science and information, production of educational content, learning-centered class, etc. ), 2) related to administration (being interested in administrative work, being capable in administrative work, cooperating in the implementation of directives and plans), 3) communicating with students (non-discrimination among students, respecting students, paying attention to students' opinions), 4) communicating with parents (informing parents, using parents' ability to solve problems, continuous communication with parents), 5) communication with colleagues (having the spirit of cooperation and cooperation, offering constructive ideas and suggestions, appropriate and friendly communication with other colleagues) And also, the 5 themes of the organizer at the level of negative challenges were: 1) related to teaching (not familiar with textbooks, having stress and anxiety, difficulty in time management), 2) related to administration (not having proper appearance and clothing in educational and administrative environment of the school, lack of familiarity with laws and regulations, 3) communication with students (not paying attention to students' behavioral and educational problems, use of punishment and . Investigating the challenges and fixing the weaknesses of novice teachers can complement the training of future student teachers and university officials and planners, aware of these weaknesses, can correct and improve the lesson units. On the other hand; The professional training of teachers should not be neglected due to being costly and time-consuming; Because the existence of a professional void from the first year of teaching and its non-remedial consequences will have irreparable consequences that will make students and even teachers face many challenges during their years of service. The results of this research can also provide valuable and appropriate information in the field of planning and in different dimensions such as teacher selection and training, pre-service training, beginning of service and in-service to managers, authors and planners and heads of education regions. So that they can understand the issues and problems and challenges faced by newly hired teachers and take steps to solve these issues and problems. On the other hand, the results of this research can be a good guide for school administrators to hold training courses and workshops that can minimize the challenges faced by novice teachers. Also, the results of this research will be able to help managers, planners and executive agents of Farhangian University to create the necessary infrastructure and organization in areas such as: internship courses, training units, textbooks, training chapters and pre-service training apply the opinion and also employ experienced and experienced teachers for the purpose of up-to-date and appropriate training for new teachers. And on the other hand, the results of this research can be a very suitable guide for other newly hired teachers who experience the first years of teaching to manage their challenges and problems. educational leaders, education experts, teachers and even parents in achieving better and appropriate learning and teaching results.