Educational design based on community language learning and its effect on self-directed learning, academic motivation and academic self-efficacy of students

English has been known as an international language for decades and its use as a means of communication is increasing rapidly. However, teaching and learning language and communication skills is not very satisfactory. The reasons for students' failure can be different. Currently, the study of foreign languages has become so important that how to use the appropriate methods of teaching foreign languages for students has become a serious problem in the theoretical discussions of language education. has been In recent years, the approach to learning foreign languages has changed from teacher-centered to learner-centered, and many teaching and learning strategies have been created to meet the different needs of language learners. The method of teaching English is not the same in all classes, and depending on the educational environment and the conditions of students or language learners, different methods of teaching language skills (speaking, listening, reading and writing) are used. Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages, and if chosen according to the student's needs, they will be more effective. It is considered important that the students' information is the basis of it, and the one who remembers most of the material and is considered a successful learner who has received a higher grade, as a result, the student's academic motivation and initiative are ignored and not taken into account. Paying attention to the importance of the teaching method, the current problem is how to use which group of teaching methods and patterns to provide conditions so that learners can study with interest, be active in the learning process, and acquire basic social skills. do so that the desired cultural characteristics are institutionalized in them. One of these methods is the teaching method based on the collaborative approach the method of community language learning. In this method, the teacher is mainly present in the class as a leader, and after reading the material, people are divided into different groups and do the material together in different ways. The most essential part of the teacher's role in this method is the role of a consultant. Therefore, the teacher moves between the groups and observes their activities and is also present wherever necessary to guide and solve problems. Another aspect of the teacher's presence is the reward factor. Because in this method, it is very important to build self-confidence in students so that they can work in groups. Based on this, as a result of its use, it strengthens self-efficacy, self-directed learning in people. Mental and practical skills are developed. An atmosphere of self-discipline prevails in the class, attention is paid to individual differences, and the ground for cultivating imagination, innovation and academic motivation is provided. The meaning of academic self-efficacy is students' understanding of their abilities. In this regard, research shows the importance of the role of appropriate teaching method in improving learning. In the method resulting from the language learning community, students are actively involved in the learning process. Based on this, a significant improvement was made in the speaking skills of the students, according to the background of internal research and numerous searches in internal databases, it seems that this method has been given less attention in the teaching process of the Iranian educational system for teaching English. Is. Based on this,The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the inclusion of Community Language Learning-based instructional design can increase students' self-directed learning abilities, strengthen their academic motivation, and improve their academic self-efficacy, especially in the context of English language learning.

Method

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of research method, it is semi-experimental in which students are placed in experimental and control groups. So, the members of the experimental group were trained based on the teaching method based on the learning community model. However, the members of the control group were trained in the usual way. The statistical population consists of all students of Islamic Azad University, Sari branch, who are studying English in the second semester of the academic year 2022-2023 and their number According to the statistics obtained, there were more than 250 people. In order to select the sample size based on GPower sample size calculation software, 50 people were selected by simple random sampling method. In this way, by random assignment, sample members were selected in the form of a group to measure the effect of the mentioned teaching method under the title of experimental group and another group as a control or control group. In fact, completely randomly (based on lottery), one class was selected as the experimental group (25 people) and another class as the control group (25 people). After the introduction and identification of the sample members and their random assignment in each of the experimental and control groups, in the first stage, all the subjects were asked to answer the questions of the standard (pre-made) questionnaires of their learning. Fisher's guide (2001) with 40 questions, Harter's academic motivation (1981) with 33 questions and Scherer and Maddox's academic self-efficacy (1982) with 17 questions, as a pre-test.

In the explanation of the findings, it can be said that in the CLL teaching method, at the beginning, language is an auxiliary means to introduce and express personal opinions, and the language learner expresses his feelings with the word "I", but in the steps Next, language enters the stage of its expressive, communicative and symbolic function, which is the social function of language. At this stage, learning is gradually brought to the group and by observing these two basic functions of language, awareness and knowledge are formed in the individual, and the more he progresses in his education, the more his learning abilities increase. become On the other hand, effective learning methods help improve comprehension skills. These methods help to strengthen memory, speak better and faster, read, increase concentration and gain more ability and lead to comprehensive lifelong language learning and as a result, as the results showed, using the method CLL teaching has an effect on self-directed learning, academic motivation and academic self-efficacy of students in English language course.Based on this, it is suggested that since the teaching method of CLL has not been widely and comprehensively taken into consideration by schools, universities and language schools all over the country, lecturers, teachers and language professors, in order to To improve academic self-efficacy, academic motivation and self-directed learning in language learners and progress in their learning process, they should use this method more than before and be diligent in expanding and promoting it.