The Role of Electronic Management of Human Resources on the Quality of Virtual School Education, by the Mediating Role of Teachers’ Professional Ethics of Teaching

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD student in Educational Administration, Faculty of Humanities, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran.

2 Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran

10.22034/trj.2023.62911

Abstract

The main goal of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the quality of virtual education, which can play an effective role in the academic progress of students, as well as, the growth and development of the country. Considering this importance, the present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of electronic management of human resources on the quality of virtual education in schools with the mediation role of teachers' professional teaching ethics.
One of the most important, effective and broadest social organizations that is responsible for selecting and transferring cultural and scientific elements to the new generation of society is the education organization in each country. In order to fulfill its role in the society, like other organizations, education has to utilize electronic technology. Electronic technologies as a phenomenon of the present era have been able to provide valuable services to humans and affect all aspects of life. The use of this technology in all organizations, including education, has been able to accelerate activities and increase employee productivity (Heydari & Marzooqi, 2017). On the other hand, the corona epidemic in 2020 spread all over the world and affected individuals regardless of their nationality, education, income, gender, social, economic and political status and put pressure on governments to prevent the spread of the disease. Education was not an exception to this rule, and the basic question was how to continue education? (Callaway et al. , 2020). Schleicher, (2020) stated that we can reduce the impact of the corona pandemic on students, parents and teachers by changing the shape of education and curricula through online education, digital learning platforms and e-learning. Virtual education is a kind of education in which learning and teaching process is not done physically and is done through computer platforms, software and hardware (Anas, 2020). Orhan, & Beyhan (2020) state that to increase the quality of virtual education, the following should be taken into consideration: the goals and content of educational programs, educational strategies, learners' responsibilities during the learning process, appropriate technology to provide knowledge and programs strategic questions, as well as, answers to these strategic questions: "To whom, what, why and when should provide the content?" This requires cooperation and coordination between teachers, students and administrators of educational institutions. Human resource management plays a vital role in the organizational improvement and economic development of countries (Shakeel et al, 2020). The closure of educational centers due to covid-19 and online education caused problems in the organization and management of human resources working in educational organization. Recruitment of human resources, teacher training, teacher evaluation, compensation system and in general human resource management was no longer possible in the traditional and face-to-face manner. The solution to this problem was the use of electronic human resources management. Electronic human resource management is a type of organizational strategy to help employee behavior alignment with strategic choices and using flexible and integrated technologies (Iqbal et al, 2018). The advantages of electronic human resource management for the organization include reducing the work of human resource management, improving efficiency, standardizing human resources, saving the number of employees in large companies (Parry, 2011). It reduces the possibility of more efficient management of information errors, and also improves the tracking and control of human resource actions (Bondarouk, 2009), and finally improves the standardization of the management process (Parry & Tyson, 2011). Due to the fact that the individuals trained in the educational centers of the society become the education custodians of the next generations (Kekha & Imanipour, 2020), in recent decades, the emphasis on moral aspects in education and moral accountability has increased. E-learning has many advantages, but at the same time, it has increased the chance of unethical behavior in teaching-learning models and has faced new challenges to ethics (Talib & Mahasneh, 2020). The free flow of communication in virtual education and the emergence of unethical behaviors require a very urgent action to adopt ethical behaviors (Alikhani et al, 2021). Professional or organizational ethics include patterns that guide the behavior of employees and show the ethical characteristics of any organization (Saeidi 7 et al. 2021). Ethics in teaching is a branch of ethics in education that specifies the professional responsibilities of a teacher in teaching and learning. In fact, teaching, as a strong and important part of the education process, requires skill in implementing appropriate methods and specific ethical considerations of the teaching profession (Moradi Doliskani & Mohammadi Mehr, 2020). According to the theoretical foundations of the research literature, it seems that the electronic management of human resources and the professional ethics of teaching are effective factors on the quality of virtual education in schools. Considering this importance, the purpose of this research is to investigate the role of electronic management of human resources on the quality of virtual education through the mediating role of professional teaching ethics. The research method is a quantitative type of correlation studies and a covariance-oriented structural equation modeling approach. The research community is all secondary school teachers in Hamadan province. A sample of 316 teachers was selected from this population by stratified random sampling based on the three regions of education (Low, Middle and High Income). In order to collect data, the questionnaires of electronic management of human resources, professional ethics of teaching and the researcher-made questionnaire of virtual education quality of schools were used. In order to analyze the data, structural equation modeling was used through Lisrel 10.30 software. The results of the research showed that the electronic management of human resources of schools has a direct, positive and significant effect on the quality of virtual education and the professional ethics of teaching at the level of 0.05. The electronic management of human resources of schools has an indirect, positive and significant effect on the quality of virtual education of schools through the professional teaching ethics of teachers. Therefore, in order to increase the quality of virtual education and teaching, serious attention should be paid to the use of electronic management of human resources in education and the professional ethics of teachers. 

Keywords

Main Subjects


Abbasi Kasani, H., Shams Mourkani, G., Seraji, F., & rezaeizadeh, M. (2023). Pathology of Formative Assessment In Iranian E-Learning System: Phenomenological Examination of Professors' Views. Research in Teaching, 11(2), 52-27. [in Persian]
Ahmadi- Zahrani, M., Saida- Ardakani, S., & Salmani- Khajoi, H. (2021). Examining the impact of high-performance work activities on organizational performance, considering the moderating role of electronic human resource management. Productivity Management, 15(3), 91120. [in Persian]
Al Kurdi, B., Alshurideh, M., & Salloum, S. A. (2020). Investigating a theoretical framework for e-learning technology acceptance. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 10(6), 6484-6496.
Al Shobaki- Mazen, J., Abu Naser-Samy S., Abu Amuna-Youssef, M., & El Tall-Suliman, A. (2017). Impact of Electronic Human Resources Management on the Development of Electronic Educational Services in the Universities. International Journal of Engineering and Information Systems (IJEAIS), 1(1), 1-19.
AlHamad, A., Alshurideh, M., Alomari, K., Al Kurdi, B., Alzoubi, H., Hamouche, S., & Al-Hawary, S. (2022). The effect of electronic human resources management on organizational health of telecommunications companies in Jordan. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 6(2), 429–438.
Ali, A., & Sajjad, B. (2022). The role of organizational culture in the emergence of teachers' professional ethics. Интеграция образования, 26(1), 10-26. ‌
Alikhani, F., Sarmadi, M., Saidipour, B., Masoumi- Fard, M., & Gudarzi, M. (2021). Identifying the components of professional ethics in order to design a model of professional ethics in the context of electronic learning and distance education. Research in virtual and virtual education learning, 9(2), 87-99. [in Persian]
Alipour, L., Nargesian, A., Boudelai, H., & Mohammadi-Moghadam, Y. (2020). Presenting the electronic human resources management model in the banking industry. Management of Government Organizations, 8(31), 69-82. [in Persian]
Alzoubi, H. M., Alshurideh, M., & Ghazal, T. M. (2021). Integrating BLE Beacon Technology with Intelligent Information Systems IIS for Operations’ Performance: A Managerial Perspective. In The International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computer Vision, 527-538.
Anas, A. (2020). Perceptions of Saudi students to blended learning environments at the University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ) Special Issue on CALL, (6), ‌261-277.
and descriptive statements of moral education in teacher ethics. Proceedings of
Arabshahi- Krizi, A., & Gholaminejad, A. (2021). Investigating the effect of Islamic human resource management on organizational virtue with the mediating role of work ethics. Marine Science Education Quarterly, 8(1), 45-59. [in Persian]
Asadian, S., Rabiei, M., & Qasimzadeh, A. (2016). The relationship between professional ethics and organizational trust with teachers' psychological empowerment. Ethics Quarterly, 6(22), 165-190. [in Persian]
Asarta, C. J., & Schmidt, J. R. (2020). The effects of online and blended experience on outcomes in a blended learning environment. The Internet and Higher Education, 44, 100708. ‌
Atashbar, S., Melkian, F., Islampanah, M., & Kaviani, E. (2021). Studying the symptoms of electronic human resources management using the foundation data method (case study: employees of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences). Educational Leadership and Management Quarterly, 15(4), 239-257. [in Persian]
Ayeni, A. J. (2018). Teachers’ Professional Ethics and Instructional Performance as Correlates of Students’ Academic Performance in Secondary Schools in Owo Local Government, Ondo State, Nigeria. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 5(8), 611-622.
Azizian- Kohn, N., Dehghani, M., & Nosrati, G. (2018). Analysis of the mediating role of educational hope in the relationship between teaching professional ethics and physical education students' academic performance. Ethics in Science and Technology, 13(4), 109-103. [in Persian]
Baker, D. P., Amodeo, A. M., Krokos, K. J., Slonim, A., & Herrera, H. (2010) Assessing teamwork attitudes in healthcare: development of the TeamSTEPPS teamwork attitudes questionnaire. Quality and Safety in Health Care, 19(6), 1-4.
Bamri, N., Keshtegar, A. A., & Mehdi- Beigi, N. (2018). Investigating the effect of electronic human resource management functions on organizational innovation with the mediating role of knowledge management capabilities. Public Management Research, 11(41), 139-164. [in Persian]
Barkhoda, S. J., & Ahmad- Heydari, P (2022). Representation of students' experiences of the challenges and problems of teaching in virtual space. Teaching Research, 9(1), 73-98. [in Persian]
Beck, J. L., Fowler, T., & Brown, B. (2020). Asynchronous professional learning: an online conference to connect pre-service and in-service teachers to current research. RE Ferdig, E. Baumgartner, R. Hartshorne, R. Kaplan-Rakowski, & C. Mouza, Teaching, technology, and teacher education during the COVID-19 pandemic: stories from the field, 565-568.
Belbin, R. M. (2010). Management Teams, Third. Butterworth-Heinemann.
Bell, B. S., Lee, S. and Yeung, S. K. (2006). The impact of E-HR on professional competence in HRM: Implications for the development of HR professionals. Human Resourc Management, 45(3), 295-308.
Bin-Lokman, H. F., Bin-Johari, M. N. A., & Bin Azhar, A. (2020). Normative statements
Bondarouk, T., Ruël, H., & Heijden, B- van der. (2009). e-hrm effectiveness in a public sector organization: a multi-stakeholder perspective. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20(3), 578-590.
Callaway, E., Cyranoski, D., Mallapaty, S., Stoye, E., & Tollefson, J. (2020). The coronavirus pandemic in five powerful charts. Nature, 579(7800), 482-483.
Cervero A., Castro-Lopez A., A´lvarezBlanco L., Esteban M., & Bernardo A (2020) Evaluation of educational quality performance on virtual campuses using fuzzy inference systems. PLoS ONE 15(5), 1-16.
Chand, M., & Katou, A. A. (2007). The impact of HRM practices on organizational performance in the Indian hotel industry. Employee Relation,29(6), 576-594.
Crestone, C. (2008). HR systems survey: HR technologies, service delivery approaches, and metrics. Available atwww.cedarcrestone.com/research. php. Retrieved July.
Dehghanan, H., & Rahmati, K. (2016). Factors affecting the success of electronic human resources. Management studies (improvement and transformation), 25(82), 123-145. [in Persian]
Faiz, S. A., & Elahi, Z. (1400). History of teacher professional ethics in education. Professional ethics in education, 1(1), 154-175. [in Persian]
Ferine, K., Aditia, R., & Rahmadana, M. (2021). An empirical study of leadership, organizational culture, conflict, and work ethic in determining work performance in Indonesia's education authority. Heliyon, 7(7), 1-9.
Genç S, (2019). Perceptions of pre-service teachers about teacher professional ethics course through metaphors. Journal of Education and Training Studies; 7(3), 150-160.
 Ghanbari, S., Eskandari, A., & Saed- Attani, F. (2016). The effect of action-oriented team leadership on team performance with the mediation of team learning and satisfaction. Organizational Behavior Studies, 5(4), 21-45. [in Persian]
Hatami, S., Aghaei, N., Poursolantani Zarandi, H., & Akbari Yazdi, H. (2018). The role of mediator of social responsibility in the relationship between professional ethics of managers and organizational citizenship behavior of football club fans. Organizational Behavioral Organizational Management in Sport Studies; 5(1), 89-98.(In Persian).
Heikkilä, J. P., Rentto, O., & Feng, Y. (2017). Aiming for Strategic e-HRM: Motives and Consequences of e-HRM Implementation in an MNC. In Electronic HRM in the Smart Era. Emerald Publishing Limited. ‌
Hessari, P., & Chegani, F. (2022). Investigating the effectiveness of virtual education in practical and theoretical courses in the field of architecture. Educational Technology Quarterly, 16(2), 281-292. [in Persian]
Heydari, E., & Marzooqi, R. E. (2017). Clarifying the relationship between network generation teachers' job values and their perception in personal use of organization's technologies: variable contribution of cyber citizenship behavior. Management on Learning Organizations, 6(2), 113-87. [in Persian]
International Conference on the Future of Education IConFEd) 2020, Institute of
Iqbal, N., Ahmad, M., & Allen, M. (2019). Unveiling the relationship between e-HRM, impersonal trust and employee productivity. Management Research Review, 42 (7), 879-899.
Jalali, R., & Azargun, H. (2021). Identifying and prioritizing effective factors on the success of electronic human resources management with the fuzzy hierarchical analysis (FAHP) approach. Management Science Research Quarterly, 3(7). [in Persian]
Kerami M., Qalavandi H., & Qalaei A. (2017). particle for direct object The relationship between professional ethics, ethics Leadership and social responsibility in schools. Journal of Management Education, 5(1), 93-112[in Persian]
Kikha, A., & Imanipour, M. (2020). Overcombining the components of professional ethics in education. Journal of Yazd Center for Studies and Development of Medical Sciences Education, 15(1), 53-70. [in Persian]
Kuenzi, M., Mayer, D. M., & Greenbaum, R. L. (2020). Creating an ethical organizational environment: The relationship between ethical leadership, ethical organizational climate, and unethical behavior. Personnel Psychology, 73(1), 43-71.
Lakshman, S., Lakshman, C., & Estay, C. (2017). The relationship between MNCs’ strategies and executive staffing. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 25(2), 233-250. ‌
Lin, K. M. (2011). e-Learning continuance intention: Moderating effects of user e-learning experience. Computers & Education, 56(2), 515-526. ‌
 Lopez, C, A, L., Real, J, C., & Valle, R. (2011). Relationships between human resource management practices and organizational learning capability, Personnel Review. management: an implementation case in China. Expert Systems, 23 (5), 356-369.
management: an implementation case in China. Expert Systems, 23 (5), 356-369.
Mandali, M., Soleimani, M., Bagheri, A., & Sotoudeh- Arani, H. (2019). Evaluating the maturity level of electronic human resources management and its effect on the optimization of intellectual capital in the organization (case study: Tehran City Telecommunication Company). Information and Communication Technology in Educational Sciences, 10(2), 69-87. [in Persian]
Marler, J. (2009). “Making human resources strategic by going to the Net: reality or myth?.” International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20(3), 515-527.
Marsh, B., Mitchell, N., & Adamczyk, P. (2010). Interactive video technology: Enhancing professional learning in initial teacher education. Computers & Education, 54(3), 742-748.
Martin, G., & Reddington, M. (2010). Theorizing the links between e-HR and strategic HRM: a model, case illustration and reflections. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21(10), 1553-1574. ‌
Mobashery M., Khosravi Sh., Deris F., Taheri Z., Taji F., & Mardanpour E. (2011) Characteristics of a good teacher in terms of students of health school in Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. Res Med Educ, 3(2), 1-8.[Persian]
Mohammad- Salehi, S. Z. H. D., & Shahrbanu, M. (2017). The relationship between human resource strategies and professional ethics of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences employees. Journal of Bio-Scientific Research Ethics, 7(24), 37-45. [in Persian]
Moore, M. G., & Kearsley, G. (2011). Distance education: A systems view of
Moradi- Doliskani, M., & Mohammadi- Mehr, M. (2020). Investigating the relationship between professional ethics and teaching quality among the professors of the Army University of Medical Sciences. Journal of Teaching Strategies in Medical Sciences, 13(3), 143-150. [in Persian]
Muhammad, G., Sri, S., & Irma- Yulia, B. (2020). Online Learning Quality Control in the Pandemic Covid-19 Era in Indonesia. Journal of Nonformal Education, 6 (2), 168-175.
Murray, H. (1996). Ethical Principles for College and University Teaching. New directions for teaching and learning, 66, 57-63.
Nasar, N., Ray, S., Umer, S., & Mohan- Pandey, H. (2021). Design and data analytics of electronic human resource management activities through Internet of Things in an organization. Software. Practice and Experience, 51(12), 2411-2427.
 ‌Nemanja, B., Biljanab, Đ., & Sandra, M. (2018). Electronic human resource management (e-HRM): A new concept for digital age. Strategic Management, 23(2), 22-32,
Nouri, Hasanabadi, K., Sobhani, H. K., Abbaspour-Esfaden, G., & Javadi, Z. (2021). Validation of the model of improving the quality of education with the approach of Internet of Things and cloud computing in the implementation of school smartness. Education strategies in medical sciences (educational strategies), 69(14), 277-285. [in Persian]
online learning: Cengage Learning.
Onyema, E. M., Eucheria, N. C., Obafemi, F. A., Sen, S., Atonye, F. G., Sharma, A., & Alsayed, A. O. (2020). Impact of Coronavirus pandemic on education. Journal of education and practice, 11(13), 108-121. ‌
Orhan, G., & Beyhan, Ö. (2020). Teachers’ perceptions and teaching experiences on distance education through synchronous video conferencing during Covid-19 pandemic. Social Sciences and Education Research Review, 7(1), 8-44. ‌
Parry, E. (2011). An examination of e-hrm as a means to increase the value of the HR function. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(50), 1146-1162.
Parry, E., & Tyson, S. (2011). Desired goals and actual outcomes of e‐HRM. HumanResource Management Journal, 21(3), 335-354.
Porghfar, L., Jafarzadeh- Dashblag, H., & Nazargiglu, S. (2021). Virtual education - parent/student communication. Journal of New Achievements in Humanities Studies, 4(37), 54-64. [in Persian]
Porter, L. R. (2004). Developing an online curriculum: Technologies and techniques. IGI Global. ‌
Qorbanian, P., Taghipour- Zahir, A., Zamani- Moghadam, A., & Ardalan, M. R. (2020). Presenting a model for individual development of primary school teachers of exceptional schools (a qualitative study). Scientific Research Quarterly of School Management, 8(1), 259-282. [in Persian]
Rabiei, A., Masoudi, E., & Ahmadi, A. (2022). The effect of the model of professional ethics of higher education managers on improving their efficiency. Management of Tomorrow, 67(26), 166-157. [in Persian]
Racheva, V. (2020). THE POTENTIAL OF VIRTUAL CLASSROOM IN TEACHER TRAINING. KNOWLEDGE-International Journal, 40(2), 379-385. ‌
Rahimi, A., Bahmani- Quaidi, A., & Safi- Shalmazari, S. (2020). Examining teaching methods and techniques from the perspective of the Holy Quran. Teaching Research, 8(2), 80-99. [in Persian]
Sabzeh, B., & Ghayabh- Hosseini, F. (1401) Lived experiences of primary school teachers about creative teaching methods in the context of virtual education. Teaching Research, 10(1), 206-236. [in Persian]
Sai, M., & Rajabzadeh- Almalou, A. (2021). Investigating the factors affecting the quality of students' virtual education (case study: academicians' virtual education center). Journal of Management in Islamic University, 21, 165-186. [in Persian]
Saidi, B., AlWadri, H., Daraei, M., & Gholamrezaei, D. (2021). Identifying and ranking factors affecting work ethics based on spirituality in the work environment in the crisis management organization. Journal of Oceanography, 12(45), 89-100. [in Persian]
Salmanzadeh, P., & Farhadi, A. (2015). Professional ethics of teaching. first scientific research conference of psychology, educational sciences and pathology of society, Kerman, https://civilica.com/doc/439271. [in Persian]
Sarboland, K. (2019). Presenting an effective executive model of human resources electronic management in the higher education system. Journal of Marine Science Education, 6(3), 135-146. [in Persian]
Schleicher, A. (2020). How can teachers and school systems respond to the COVID-19 pandemic? Some lessons from TALIS. Retrieved from https://oecdedutoday.com/how-teachers-school-systems-respondcoronavirus-talis.
Shakil, R. M., Mollah, A., Rahman, S. T., & Habib, M. (2020). A Bibliometric Review of Global Research on Human Resources Management and Supply Chain Management. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 9(4) , 173-184.
Shams, G. R., Tari, F., & Rezaizadeh, M. (2019). Identifying infrastructural and managerial obstacles to the use of e-learning in human resources education. Teaching Research, 7(3), 91-116. [in Persian]
Shaumya, K., & Arulrajah, A. (2018). The Impact of Electronic Human Resource Management(e-HRM) Practices on Bank’s Environmental Performance. Journal of Business Studies, 2(1), 33-50.
Soleimani. M., & Baqiyat- Nasrabadi A. (2010). Role Human resource management in excellence Professional ethics in religious research centers Qom Province. two Islamic Education Journals and management, 2(1), 125-143. [in Persian]
Steven, G. S. (2017). Effectiveness of Electronic Human Resource Management System in Governing Human Resource in Public Sectors: A Case Study of the Musoma Municipal Council (Doctoral dissertation, The Open University of Tanzania). ‌
Talib, A. A., & Mahasneh, O. M. K. (2020). Awareness of ethical issues when using an e-learning system. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 11(1). ‌
Teacher Education Tuanku Bainun Campus, Penang, Malaysia, 17-18 November 2020.
Torabi, M., Seyyed- Naqvi, M. A., & Ghorbanzadeh, V. (2015). The model of electronic human resources management in government organizations based on the assumptions of modern government services. Management of Public Organizations, 3(4), 43-59. [in Persian]
Ukandu, N. E. (2015). A Comparative Assessment of the Utilisation of Electronic Human Resource Management Systems as a Decision-Making Tool by Selected South African and Nigerian Universities (Doctoral dissertation, Cape Peninsula University of Technology).
Vajiheh, K., & Zahra, B. (2022). Analyzing The Interactions of Educational Elements In Face-To-Face, Electronic And Blended Learning Communities: Qualitative Phenomenology. Jornal Teaching Reaserch, 11(1), 92-115. [in Persian]
 Zain- Abadi, H. R., & Abbas- Zadegan, S, (2015) citizenship behavior in teaching: a reflection on the role of teacher professional ethics. Bi-Quarterly Journal of Higher Education Curriculum Studies, 6(11), 46-27. [in Persian]
Zamani, A. (2018). The effect of strategic management of human resources on the financial performance of university campuses in the country's higher education system. new approach in educational management, 10(4), 107-85. [in Persian]
Zhang, L., & Wang, H. (2006). Intelligent information processing in human resource
Zouaq, A., Nkambou, R., & Frasson, C. (2007). A Framework for the Capitalization of e-Learning Resources. In EdMedia+ Innovate Learning, 1241-1248. Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). ‌