Designing a Model For Spiritual Leadership in Secondary Education Managers in Tehran

The purpose of this study was to design a model for spiritual leadership in secondary education principals in Tehran. The research method was qualitative. In this study, qualitative method was applied in grounded theory and quantitative structural equation modeling the research method was qualitative. The research community in the qualitative section consisted of professors, specialists and experts in this field. The number of samples in the qualitative section that was purposefully selected, 15 professors, specialists and experts. The research tools were semi-structured interview. Analysis of collected data, in the qualitative part by grounded theory method and through coding (open, axial and selective) using MAXQDA software was done. The results showed that ten components are involved in explaining the model for spiritual leadership in the secondary education principals of Tehran, which are: love component to altruism, faith component, sincerity, resurrection, trust , vision , organizational , Organizational membership , performance feedback , and finally content literacy (job attractiveness). The findings also showed that; Indicates the proper fit of the model.
Keywords: Spiritual Leadership, Secondary School Managers, Education principals in Tehran
 Introduction Today, education is the basis of development in all socio-cultural, economic and political fields in most countries, it is considered as the growth industry and after the defense field, most of the government's budget belongs to it. Schools, as a social system, have a special and sensitive place in society and will be able to perform their duties and functions in the best possible way if healthy, active and dynamic organizations (Karimi & Sheshpari, 2012).
By analyzing the organizational literature, we are faced with the fundamental issues affecting it. One of these categories is leadership, which several theorists have examined from different angles (Malik, 2020).
Most scholars believe that the survival and preservation of organizations and institutions in today's world depends on their ability to respond to changes. In other words, maintaining and promoting organizations in the future depends on the development of effective leadership skills at all levels of the organization (Copland, 2013). According to Heck and Hollinger (1998), there has been intense interest in studying the leadership of the organization and its effects. They believe that the study and recognition of organizational leadership should come from a different philosophical and methodological system (Onamusi, 2020). The success of any organization depends on the ability, experience and capabilities of its leader. The impact of leadership on subordinates is very important in terms of direct and formal communication. This effect can be considered in various aspects such as training, performance evaluation and strategic planning of employees (saadatTalab et al, 2020). Some consider leadership as the process of impressing others to achieve desirable organizational goals. Leadership from the perspective of some experts is so important that the success of each manager in his or her ency in guiding and leading the organization's staff (Rahimzadeh Kalaleh et al, 2021).
Nowadays, organizations are faced with dramatic changes that other traditional leadership models are not responsive to the new needs and requirements of organizations and we need new models of leadership in organizations (Joudi & Rezaei, 2015). One of the new leadership models is spiritual leadership. Spiritual leadership is related to values, beliefs, beliefs, thoughts, understanding, valuation and thrusm in society. And he pays attention to the basic needs of the leader and the follower for spiritual survival in order to provide the environment for the success and victory of the organization. And as a result, it leads to personal outcomes, such as increased physical and mental health. To have a more committed and productive organization (Ghasemi et al, 2014). Today, along with other theories and partly in line with the transformational approach, the theory of spiritual leadership (based on spirituality) has been proposed. Stressed the importance of spirituality's impact on leadership by suggesting that future leaders should not only be equipped with new knowledge and skills but should also be able to demonstrate a high level of emotional and spiritual wisdom and maturity (Yusof & Mohamad, 2014).
Today, spiritual leadership includes leadership service models, employee participation and trust in them. By stimulating feelings for themselves and the organization, the spiritual leader makes employees interested in their activities and motivates employees to their job duties, understand the true meaning of their work and care for their jobs (Ziaei et al., 2008). Also, spiritual leaders increase organizational capabilities, organizational commitment, welfare and health and employee productivity by creating shared values, beliefs and perspectives among employees (Kafashu & Zameni, 2018). Also, the spiritual leader, with his specific characteristics and influence on the employees of the organization, creates a special vision of the future of the organization in the minds of the employees that they are optimistic about the realization of the organization's vision and the future of the organization; Therefore, the intrinsic motivation of employees to try more and achieve organizational goals increases. On the other hand, by promoting the love of altruism, employees pay special attention to each other and establish good relationships with other employees (Taghizadeh & Shokri, 2014).
Therefore, considering the importance and special position of spiritual leadership in organizations, the purpose of this paper is to design a model for developing spiritual leadership of managers of secondary schools in Tehran.
Theoretical Foundations Spiritual leader is a person who uses values, feelings, beliefs, beliefs and behaviors that motivate himself and others to preserve and create spiritual survival of employees. The spiritual leader performs these actions in two stages:
1- While each of the leaders and followers of an organization feels that they have a meaningful and important job, the spiritual leader creates a common perspective.
2- By establishing an organizational/social culture based on human values, the spiritual leader makes employees show a special interest in themselves and others, and they feel that others are also important and should be appreciated for their jobs (Copland, 2013). Spiritual leadership empowers individuals through the following components: - Organizational Perspective: The educational leader is skilled in simplifying the movement of the school in the form of vision and guiding values.
- Love of altruism: A sense of unity, harmony and well-being that is created through attention, anxiousness and understanding of oneself and others.